Evaluation of sugar beet: nutrients, health benefits, and clinical applications

Abstract

Introduction: Beta vulgaris, commonly known as beet, comprises three main groups that differ in their macro- and micronutrient composition, particularly in their sugar content. The altissima subspecies, known as sugar beet, has the highest sugar concentration, ranging from 16% to 20%.

Objective: To highlight the characteristics of sugar beet and its clinical applications.

Materials and Methods: A review of the scientific literature was conducted using specialized databases. The search strategy included the terms “Beta vulgaris” OR “beetroot” OR “sugar beet,” combined with terms related to medical applications, therapeutic uses, and health benefits. Articles published in languages other than English or Spanish and publications prior to 2019 were excluded. Relevant studies were selected through a screening process of titles and abstracts, followed by full-text assessment of eligible articles.

Results: Sugar beet has important nutritional benefits. Its high content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and betalains may contribute to preventing complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and reducing blood pressure levels. In addition, it may improve athletic performance and cognitive health, with potential protective effects against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease. It also contributes to energy production and may help reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Conclusions: Sugar beet is one of the main sources of sugar production worldwide and is notable for its richness in betalains, carotenoids, and vitamins, compounds that confer antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.